The TP4056 is a widely used linear lithium-ion battery charger IC, designed for efficiently charging 3.7V lithium-ion cells, including 18650 batteries. Manufactured by NanJing Top Power ASIC Corp., it features integrated protection against overcharging and over-discharging, ensuring both the safety and longevity of the battery.
With its compact ESOP-8 package, adjustable charging current up to 1A, and automatic charging control, the TP4056 is an ideal solution for portable electronic devices, power banks, and microcontroller-based projects. Its simplicity and low cost make it a popular choice in both DIY and commercial applications.
TP4056 Overview
The TP4056 is a linear lithium-ion battery charger IC designed for efficiently charging 3.7V lithium-ion cells, including 18650 batteries. Manufactured by NanJing Top Power ASIC Corp., it features integrated protection against overcharging and over-discharging, ensuring the safety and longevity of batteries. With a compact ESOP-8 package, adjustable charging current up to 1A, and automatic charging control, the TP4056 is ideal for portable electronic devices, power banks, and microcontroller-based projects requiring reliable power management.
Widely recognized for its affordability and simplicity, the TP4056 has become a staple in both DIY and commercial applications. It supports a stable input voltage range of 4.5V to 5.5V, making it compatible with USB power sources. While its linear charging design results in higher heat dissipation compared to switching chargers, its ease of integration and minimal external component requirements make it a preferred choice for compact and space-constrained designs.
TP4056 Pinout
The TP4056 is a linear lithium-ion battery charger IC with an integrated protection circuit. It features essential pins for battery charging, power input, and indicator LEDs, ensuring efficient operation and monitoring. Below is the detailed pin configuration:
Pin No. |
Pin Name |
Description |
1 |
OUT+ |
Outputs the positive voltage from the battery. Connect this pin to the positive terminal of the load circuit powered by the battery. |
2 |
B+ |
Provides positive voltage from the USB input to charge the battery. Connect this pin to the battery's positive terminal. |
3 |
B- |
Provides negative voltage from the USB input for charging the battery. Connect this pin to the battery's negative terminal. |
4 |
OUT- |
Outputs the negative voltage from the battery. Connect this pin to the ground of the load circuit powered by the battery. |
5 |
IN+ |
Accepts a +5V input voltage if a USB charging cable is not used. |
6 |
IN- |
Accepts the ground connection for the +5V input if a USB charging cable is not used. |
7 |
LED Red |
Lights up during the charging process, indicating that the battery is being charged. |
8 |
LED Green |
Lights up when the battery is fully charged, indicating the end of the charging process. |
TP4056 Specifications & Features
The TP4056 is a compact, efficient, and reliable linear charger IC designed for charging lithium-ion batteries with integrated protection features. It is suitable for a wide range of 3.7V batteries, including 18650 cells, offering adjustable charging capabilities and essential safeguards. Below is a detailed breakdown of its specifications and features:
Specifications
Type |
Parameter |
Package / Case |
ESOP-8 |
Packaging |
Tape & Reel (TR) |
RoHS Status |
RoHS Compliant |
Input Voltage |
4.5V to 5.5V |
Charging Current |
1A (adjustable) |
Full Charge Voltage |
4.2V |
Features
- Supports safe charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries.
- Compatible with 3.7V lithium-ion cells, including 18650 batteries.
- Adjustable charging current up to 1A for flexible applications.
- Integrated protection against overcharging and over-discharging.
- Compact ESOP-8 package suitable for space-constrained designs.
- No reverse polarity protection—careful polarity connection is required.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
The following table outlines the absolute maximum ratings for the TP4056. Exceeding these limits may result in permanent damage to the device.
Parameter |
Rating |
Remarks |
Input Supply Voltage (VCC) |
-0.3V to 8V |
Maximum allowable input voltage range. |
TEMP Pin Voltage |
-0.3V to 10V |
Maximum voltage at the TEMP pin. |
CE Pin Voltage |
-0.3V to 10V |
Maximum voltage at the CE pin. |
BAT Short-Circuit Duration |
Continuous |
Short-circuit protection duration. |
BAT Pin Current |
1200mA |
Maximum output current at BAT pin. |
PROG Pin Current |
1200μA |
Maximum programming pin current. |
Maximum Junction Temperature |
145°C |
Safe operating junction temperature. |
Operating Ambient Temperature Range |
-40°C to 85°C |
Recommended ambient temperature range. |
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) |
260°C |
Peak temperature during soldering. |
Application
- Charging and discharging lithium-ion batteries, including 18650 cells.
- Solar-powered battery charging systems.
- Power banks and portable charging devices.
- Digital cameras and portable home appliances.
- Cell phones, tablets, and other portable electronics.
- Used with 5V boosters to power Arduino and other microcontroller-based projects.
#1 Typical Application
The TP4056 module is widely used for safe charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries, including 18650 cells. The charging current is set to 1A by default but can be adjusted by modifying the resistor RPROG (R3) on the module.
The module features an automatic cut-off when the battery is fully charged, with a Red LED indicating charging and a Green LED signaling completion. Additionally, the module continuously monitors the battery voltage and disconnects the load if the voltage drops below 3.7V, preventing over-discharge. These features make it ideal for use in portable electronic devices, power banks, and battery management systems.
#2 Where to use
The TP4056 module is highly suitable for applications involving 3.7V lithium-ion batteries, particularly 18650 cells. Its ability to provide a constant charging voltage of 4.2V and safeguard batteries from overcharging or over-discharging makes it a reliable choice for various devices. It is commonly used in portable electronics such as mobile phones, tablets, cameras, and power banks. Additionally, its simplicity and minimal external component requirements make it an excellent choice for projects involving battery-powered microcontrollers, such as Arduino-based applications.
#3 How to use
The TP4056 module can be powered through a 5V micro USB input or via the IN+ and IN- solder pads. Connect the battery terminals to the B+ and B- pins, ensuring correct polarity as the module lacks reverse polarity protection. A multimeter can be used to verify battery polarity before connection to avoid damage. The charging process begins when the Red LED lights up, and it concludes with the Green LED turning on.
The module also features integrated monitoring, disconnecting the load automatically when the battery voltage drops below 3.7V to prevent over-discharge. For powering a circuit (load), connect it to the OUT+ and OUT- pads. If a load is connected during charging, it is recommended to disconnect it to avoid interference. The charging current can be customized by adjusting the RPROG resistor (R3) as per the circuit requirements, ensuring flexibility for various applications.
Equivalents of TP4056
TP4056A (Charging Only)
The TP4056A is a simplified version of the TP4056, specifically designed for charging lithium-ion batteries without integrated protection features for over-discharge. This module provides efficient linear charging with similar specifications but lacks the discharge management capabilities of the standard TP4056. It is a suitable replacement for applications where only battery charging is required, such as standalone chargers.
TP5410
The TP5410 is another viable alternative to the TP4056, offering a step-down (buck) converter design for lithium battery charging. Unlike the TP4056, which operates on a linear charging principle, the TP5410 uses switching technology for higher efficiency. This makes it ideal for applications requiring better thermal management and lower power loss during charging, particularly in scenarios where input voltage may vary significantly.
Advantages and Disadvantages of TP4056
Advantages of TP4056
- Integrated Protection Features: The TP4056 includes overcharge and over-discharge protection, ensuring the longevity and safety of lithium-ion batteries.
- Compact Design: Its ESOP-8 package makes it ideal for compact and portable devices.
- Adjustable Charging Current: The charging current can be set up to 1A by modifying the resistor connected to the PROG pin, providing flexibility for different battery capacities.
- Wide Input Voltage Range: Operates efficiently with input voltages from 4.5V to 5.5V, making it compatible with USB and other common power sources.
- Automatic Charging Control: Automatically stops charging when the battery is full, switching from red to green LED, which prevents overcharging.
- Low Cost: Affordable and widely available, making it a popular choice for DIY and mass-produced applications.
- Ease of Use: Requires minimal external components, simplifying circuit design and reducing development time.
Disadvantages of TP4056
- No Reverse Polarity Protection: Lacks reverse polarity protection, which can damage the module if the battery is connected incorrectly.
- Limited Current Capacity: The module is limited to a maximum charging current of 1A, which may not be suitable for higher-capacity batteries requiring faster charging.
- Linear Charging Design: The TP4056 operates on a linear charging principle, which results in higher heat dissipation and lower efficiency compared to switching chargers.
- No Thermal Shutdown: While it operates within safe temperature ranges, prolonged high current charging may lead to overheating without additional thermal management.
- Fixed Full-Charge Voltage: The output voltage is fixed at 4.2V, making it incompatible with lithium batteries requiring different full-charge voltages.
- Sensitive to Input Voltage Variations: Requires a stable input voltage for reliable operation, as significant fluctuations may impact charging efficiency or damage the module.
TP4056 Datasheet PDF
Download TP4056 Datasheet PDF >>
TP4056 Manufacturer
The TP4056 is a power management IC manufactured by NanJing Top Power ASIC Corp., a leading Chinese company specializing in battery management and power regulation solutions. The TP4056 is widely used in applications such as charging lithium-ion batteries due to its cost-effectiveness, reliability, and robust features.
While the TP4056 IC is produced by NanJing Top Power, many electronics brands integrate it into modules with additional components for various applications. These modules are commonly used in DIY electronics, portable devices, and consumer electronics projects.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the TP4056 stands out as a reliable and cost-effective battery management solution, offering stability, safety features, and adjustable current capabilities. While it may have some limitations in heat dissipation and current capacity, its ease of integration, wide compatibility with various portable devices, and affordability continue to make it the go-to option for many electronics projects. For applications requiring efficient, safe, and economical lithium-ion battery charging, the TP4056 remains a trusted choice.
FAQ
-
What is the charging current of the TP4056?
The TP4056 supports an adjustable charging current of up to 1A. This current can be customized by modifying the value of the resistor connected to the PROG pin.
-
What is the input voltage range of the TP4056?
The TP4056 operates within a voltage range of 4.5V to 5.5V, making it compatible with most USB power sources.
-
How do I know when the battery is fully charged?
The TP4056 has two indicator LEDs: a red LED that lights up during charging, and a green LED that lights up when the battery is fully charged, indicating the end of the charging process.
-
Can the TP4056 charge any lithium-ion battery?
The TP4056 is designed to charge 3.7V lithium-ion batteries, including 18650 cells. It provides a constant charging voltage of 4.2V, which is the standard for lithium-ion cells.
-
What happens if the battery voltage drops too low?
The TP4056 module monitors the battery voltage and will disconnect the load automatically if the voltage drops below 3.7V to prevent over-discharge, protecting the battery from damage.
-
Can I use the TP4056 to charge a battery while also powering a circuit?
Yes, you can use the OUT+ and OUT- pins to power a circuit while charging the battery. However, it is recommended to disconnect the load during charging to avoid interference with the charging process.
-
Is the TP4056 suitable for fast charging?
The TP4056 supports a maximum charging current of 1A. While this is adequate for many applications, it may not be suitable for larger batteries or applications that require faster charging times. For faster charging, a higher current charger may be needed.
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