ESP12E vs ESP12F: What are Differences and How to Choose

In the world of wireless communication modules, the ESP12E and ESP12F from Espressif Systems stand out as popular choices for IoT and smart applications. Both modules are based on the ESP8266EX SoC, providing reliable Wi-Fi connectivity, but they differ in several aspects that may influence your choice.

ESP12E Overview

The ESP-12E is a compact and cost-effective Wi-Fi module designed for integrating wireless connectivity into various microcontroller-based applications. It is built around the ESP8266EX SoC (System on Chip), which provides robust Wi-Fi capabilities. The ESP-12E can function as either a standalone Wi-Fi solution or as a network interface for external processors. It belongs to the ESP-XX series, which includes a range of modules with varying output pins, flash memory sizes, and antenna designs. The ESP-12E is particularly suited for IoT applications, offering a reliable and budget-friendly solution for wireless communication and data sharing.

ESP12F Overview

The ESP12F is an advanced, high-integration Wi-Fi module designed to meet the demands of mobile and compact system designs. It leverages the ESP8266EX SoC, known for its comprehensive Wi-Fi networking capabilities. The ESP12F is optimized for low power consumption and small footprint applications, making it ideal for integrating Wi-Fi functionality into space-constrained or power-sensitive devices. Unlike its predecessors, the ESP12F incorporates enhanced features such as an improved antenna design and advanced performance capabilities, including an integrated cache to boost system efficiency. This module excels in both standalone applications and as a Wi-Fi co-processor for external systems.

ESP12E VS ESP12F: Pinout

ESP12E Pinout

ESP-12F Pinout

ESP12E VS ESP12F: Specifications

The ESP12F is an updated version of the ESP12E, with key improvements primarily focused on the antenna design. While both modules share similar power and wireless parameters, including support for 802.11 b/g/n and WPA/WPA2 security, the ESP12F benefits from a four-layer PCB compared to the two-layer design of the ESP12E.

ESP12E VS ESP12F: Features

ESP12E Features

• Frequency Range: 2.412 - 2.484 GHz
• Serial Transmission: 110 - 921600 bps, TCP Client 5
• Interfaces: SDIO 2.0, SPI, UART
• PWM functionality
• One ADC channel available
• Programmable GPIO pins
• Wireless Network Modes: STA / AP / STA + AP
• Security: WEP / WPA-PSK / WPA2-PSK
• Encryption: WEP64 / WEP128 / TKIP / AES
• Network Protocols: IPv4, TCP / UDP / FTP / HTTP
• Operating Voltage: 3.3V
• Maximum current per pin: 15mA
• Power-down leakage current: <10uA
• Integrated low-power 32-bit MCU
• Onboard PCB Antenna
• Wake-up and transmit packets in <2ms
• Standby power consumption: <1.0mW
• Operating Temperature: -40ºC to +125ºC

ESP12F Features

• 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi support
• Integrated low-power 32-bit MCU
• Integrated 10-bit ADC
• Built-in TCP/IP protocol stack
• Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier, and matching network
• Integrated PLL, regulators, and power management units
• Supports antenna diversity
• Wi-Fi Frequency: 2.4 GHz
• WPA/WPA2 security support
• Wireless Modes: STA / AP / STA + AP
• Smart Link Function for Android and iOS
• Interfaces: SDIO 2.0, (H) SPI, UART, I2C, I2S, IRDA, PWM, GPIO
• STBC, 1x1 MIMO, 2x1 MIMO
• A-MPDU & A-MSDU aggregation with 0.4s guard interval
• Deep sleep power: <10uA
• Power-down leakage current: <5uA
• Wake-up and transmit packets in <2ms
• Standby power consumption: <1.0mW (DTIM3)
• Output Power: +20dBm in 802.11b mode
• Operating Temperature: -40°C to +125°C
• FCC, CE, and RoHS certified

2D Model

ESP12E VS ESP12F Circuit Diagram

ESP12E Diagram

ESP12F Diagram

ESP12E VS ESP12F: Application

ESP12E Applications

• Weather stations
• Internet of Things (IoT) applications
• Home appliances
• Toys and games
• Wireless control systems
• Home automation
• Security ID tags

ESP12F Applications

• Smart home systems
• Intelligent building automation
• Industrial automation
• Wearable devices
• IP cameras
• Intelligent agriculture

ESP12E VS ESP12F: How to Use

How to Use the ESP12E

Using the ESP12E module is straightforward due to its simple circuitry and programming requirements. To set up a basic application circuit, follow these steps:

• 1. Power Connection: Connect the ESP12E module to a +3.3V power supply.
• 2. UART Connection: Connect the RDX (RX) pin of the ESP12E to the RDX (RX) pin of the microcontroller or Arduino, and the TXD (TX) pin of the ESP12E to the TXD (TX) pin of the microcontroller or Arduino.
• 3. Library Installation: Download the necessary libraries for the ESP12E from the Arduino website if they are not pre-installed in the Arduino IDE.
• 4. Software Configuration: Develop software to set the baud rate and manage data transfer.
• 5. Data Transmission: Send data to the module for Wi-Fi or Bluetooth transmission. Data received via Wi-Fi will be processed accordingly.

Alternatively, you can connect the ESP12E directly to a PC using an FTDI adapter, allowing you to use a serial monitor for communication.

How to Use the ESP12F

1. Parts Required: Gather the necessary components for your application, including the ESP12F module and any additional adapters or connectors.

2. Power Supply Setup: Connect the ESP12F module to an appropriate power source as specified in the module’s documentation.

3. Soldering: Solder the ESP12F onto an adapter or circuit board according to your design requirements.

Ensure all connections are correctly made and refer to the module’s datasheet for any additional setup or configuration details needed for your specific application.

How to Program ESP-12E / ESP-12F Step by Step

Main Differences between ESP12E vs ESP12F

The ESP12F represents a significant upgrade over the ESP12E, primarily in its hardware design and performance capabilities. The ESP12F features a four-layer PCB compared to the ESP12E's two-layer design, resulting in improved signal stability and reduced interference. Additionally, the ESP12F benefits from a more advanced antenna design, increased output power, and extended communication range—30 to 50 percent further than the ESP12E. The ESP12F also includes enhancements such as better RF performance, metal shielding for IO leads, and compliance with FCC, CE, and RoHS standards. Furthermore, it offers additional features like integrated 10-bit ADC, new SPI and IO ports, and support for Smart Link functionality, making it more versatile for demanding applications.

In contrast, the ESP12E, while still effective, lacks some of these advanced features and improvements. It has a simpler two-layer PCB, standard antenna design, and does not include the enhanced RF performance or certifications found in the ESP12F.

How to choose between ESP12E vs ESP12F

When choosing between the ESP12E and ESP12F, consider the following factors to determine which module best suits your needs:

Performance and Range: If you require better signal stability and extended communication range, the ESP12F is the better choice. Its improved antenna design and four-layer PCB offer enhanced RF performance, making it suitable for applications where reliable and long-range communication is crucial.

Certification and Compliance: For projects that need to meet specific regulatory standards, the ESP12F is advantageous due to its FCC, CE, and RoHS certifications. These certifications ensure that the module meets international safety and environmental standards.

Advanced Features: The ESP12F includes additional features such as a built-in 10-bit ADC, support for Smart Link functionality, and metal shielding for IO leads. If your application would benefit from these advanced features, the ESP12F is the preferable option.

Cost and Availability: Consider your budget and the availability of each module. The ESP12E may be more cost-effective and readily available, making it a suitable choice for projects with budget constraints or simpler requirements.

Compatibility and Ease of Use: Both modules are similar in terms of basic functionality and can be used in similar applications. However, if you are working on a project that can benefit from the ESP12F’s improved hardware design and features, it may offer additional value.

Can ESP-12F replace ESP-12E module?

The ESP-12F can effectively replace the ESP-12E module in most IoT applications due to their similar footprints and hardware compatibility. Both modules are widely used for Wi-Fi connectivity and can be programmed using platforms like Arduino IDE, especially when using NodeMCU boards. The main distinction lies in the improved antenna design of the ESP-12F, which enhances signal performance. However, if you are working with a bare ESP-12F module, additional setup steps may be required, such as adding pull-up and pull-down resistors for proper functioning.

One of the primary issues users face when switching from ESP-12E to ESP-12F is related to power supply and manual configuration. The ESP-12F operates on a 3.3V DC supply, and incorrect voltage levels can damage the module. To interface the ESP-12F with other microcontrollers or Arduino boards, a level shifter is recommended. Additionally, for USB-to-TTL connections, resistors may need to be added to GPIO pins to avoid errors when uploading code. These issues are typically resolved when using the NodeMCU version, as it integrates all necessary components for seamless programming and operation.

Manufacturer

Both the ESP12E and ESP12F modules are produced by Espressif Systems, a leading company in wireless communication technology. Founded in 2008, Espressif Systems is renowned for its development of highly integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth solutions, including the widely used ESP8266 and ESP32 series. The company's products are known for their reliability, innovation, and broad applicability in the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart home markets.

The ESP12E is an earlier model in the ESP8266 series, characterized by its two-layer PCB and standard antenna design. It is valued for its cost-effectiveness and simplicity in various IoT applications. The ESP12F, an upgraded version, features a four-layer PCB and an enhanced antenna design, resulting in better signal stability and extended range. It also includes additional certifications such as FCC, CE, and RoHS, making it suitable for more demanding and regulated applications.

Conclusion

Choosing the right module for your project can greatly impact its performance and success. Whether you opt for the cost-effective ESP12E or the advanced ESP12F, understanding their features and specifications will help you make an informed decision. For any additional questions or specific application advice, refer to the detailed comparisons and technical support available from Espressif Systems.

Further Reading: 

RP2040 vs ESP32：What are Differencs and How to Choose | Lisleapex

ESP32 vs STM32: Which is Better and How to Choose 2024 | Lisleapex

ESP32-C3FN4 Espressif Systems: Schematic, Pinout and Datasheet | Lisleapex

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